Phil Bendle Collection:Tecomanthe speciosa (Three Kings Vine)

Kingdom: Plantae
(Unranked): Angiosperms
(Unranked): Eudicots
(Unranked): Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Bignoniaceae
Genus: Tecomanthe
Species: T. speciosa
Binomial name: Tecomanthe speciosa
Common name: Three Kings Vine, Native bignonia

Tecomanthe speciosa is one of the rarest plants in the wild. A solitary plant was first discovered on the Three Kings Islands, 55 km off the northern tip of New Zealand, during a scientific survey in 1945. No other specimens have ever been found in the wild. Tecomanthe is a tropical genus not otherwise represented in New Zealand. Four other species of Tecomanthe occur in Queensland, Indonesia, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.

Tecomanthe speciosa is a rampant forest vine with large glossy leaves growing up to 10m in height. The glossy, thick compound leaves consist of up to five leaflets. It bears long cream-coloured tubular flowers that emerge directly from the stem in large clusters. The flowers appear to be adapted to be pollinated by bats, despite the fact that bats are not part of the present-day fauna of the Three Kings Islands (though they may once have been present). Nevertheless, the flowers of plants growing in cultivation are readily pollinated by a large number of native and exotic birds. The tecomanthe vine will only flower it is growing horizontally.
Although the plant may once have been common on the Three Kings, by the time of its discovery goats, which had been introduced to the islands, had reduced the entire population to a single specimen on Great Island, making it one of the world’s most endangered plants. The remaining specimen grew on a cliff that was so steep, that even the goats could not reach it. It was rescued by horticulturalists who took cuttings from the original plant and goats were subsequently eradicated from the island. The original specimen still grows in the wild and has developed more vines through the natural process of layering in the years since its discovery.

It has not yet been formally assessed for the IUCN Red List, but a preliminary assessment of the conservation status of all New Zealand vascular plants found T. speciosa to be "Nationally Critical".

After a decade, the plants raised by the horticulturists finally set seed, and Tecomanthe speciosa has subsequently become popular in New Zealand gardens as a vigorous climber of tropical appearance. The plant requires warm conditions, and is very sensitive to frost, suffering damage if the temperature drops below -2C. It is readily grown from cuttings, layering and from seed. Seed must be sown fresh and should germinate within two weeks. The seedlings grow vigorously and may flower within two or three years. Plants grown from cuttings may take up to five years or longer to flower.

For more details visit: http://nzpcn.org.nz/flora_details.asp?ID=41

Tecomanthe speciosa flowering early June, New Plymouth

New flower buds early April (New Plymouth).

Buds just opening (April) New Plymouth.

A newly opened flower. Four male filaments are topped with anthers containing pollen. In the centre is one long style topped with a stamen which receives pollen during fertilisation.

The single stamen is hidden behind the pollen-laden anthers.

Under the flower, two long styles topped with stamens can be seen after the tubular petals have dropped.leaving the sepals.
  
On the left of the photo is a female's long style with a stamen on top, it receives pollen during fertilisation. On the right is a male filament with an anther on the top containing pollen. 

The sepal removed to show the style with the ovary (female organ) at the base. This contains the ovules which when fertilised become seeds.

A Tecomanthe speciosa vine growing rampant over a rest area shelter at the New Plymouth Public Hospital. It has since been removed.

Tecomanthe speciosa large glossy leaves.

The underside of a leaf

The twisting vine.

A vine that has smothered a native tree at Otira Wilton Bush Reserve.

Thanks to Wikipedia for text and information: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0

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